IDEL-URAL
Idel-Ural
is a region and the homeland to several nations which have a common destiny in
the history. The origin of its name is the name of the river Volga (Idel in
Tatar language) and the Ural Mountains. In the 16th century the
territories of the nations of Idel-Ural have been conquered by the Moscow
kingdom, in the USSR they were under the Soviet administration as autonomous
republics, after 1991 they remain under the Russian administration as autonomous
republics of the Volga Federal district. The nations of Idel-Ural have never
ceased resisting the Russian occupants. Idel-Ural is the homeland to the
following nations:
1).
Tatars is a Turkic nation. More than 8 million of Tatars are living in
Tatarstan, in Siberia, in other territories of Idel-Ural, as well as in other
regions of Russia and Central Asia. Tatars are the second largest nation (after
the Russians) in the Russian Federation. They practice Islam. The Tatar
language is a Turkic language of the Altai family. The literary tradition has
the origin in 10th century.
The
Republic of Tatarstan. Kazan is the
capital of Tatarstan. The area of the republic is 68.000 square kilometers. The
oil and the coal are the main natural resources of Tatarstan. The Republic has
an industrialized economy (the mechanical engineering and oil refining).
2).
Bashkirs is a Turkic nation. 1,7 million of Bashkirs are living in
Bashkortostan, in Siberia, in other territories of Idel-Ural, as well as in
other regions of Russia. They practice Islam. The Bashkir language is a Turkic
language of the Volga-Kypchak subgroup. The literary tradition has the origin
in 10th century.
The
Republic of Bashkortostan. Ufa is the capital of Bashkortostan. The area of the
Republic is 142.847 square kilometers. The Republic has the resources of the
oil, natural gas, coal, ferrous metal ores, manganese, chromite, iron ores,
non-ferrous metals ores, as well as the industries (the mechanical engineering
and oil refining).
3).
Mordvins is a Finno-Ugrian nation, which has two ethnic groups: Moksha and
Erzia. 297 thousand of Mokshans are living in the Republic of Mordovia, in
other territories of Idel-Ural, as well as in other regions of Russia. 518
thousand of Erzians are living in the Republic of Mordovia, in other
territories of Idel-Ural, as well as in other regions of Russia. They practice
mostly the Orthodox Christianity, but the traditional national beliefs spread
in the Republic. The Moksha and Erzia languages are the Finno-Ugrian languages
of the Volga-Finnish group of the Ural family. The Moksha and Erzia languages
are different like the Italian and French. The literary tradition has the
origin in the beginning of 20th century based on the folk tales and
oral tradition.
The
Republic of Mordovia. Saransk is the capital of Mordovia. The area of the
Republic is 26.299 square km. The Republic has the resources of the phosphorites,
limestones and slates, as well as the industries (the mechanical engineering
and chemical industry).
4).
Mari is a Finno-Ugrian nation. 547 thousand of Mari are living in the Republic
of Mari El, in other territories of Idel-Ural, as well as in other regions of
Russia. They practice mostly the Orthodox Christianity, but the traditional national
beliefs spread in the Republic. The Mari language is the Finno-Ugrian language
of the Finno-Perm group. The literary tradition has the origin in 18th
century based on the folk tales and oral tradition.
Republic
of Mari El. Yoshkar Ola is the capital of the Republic. The area of the
Republic is 23.375 square km. The Republic has the resources of the limestones,
peat and clay, as well as the industries (the mechanical engineering and
metalworking technologies).
5).
Udmurts is a Finno-Ugrian nation. 552 thousand of Udmurts are living in the
Udmurt Republic, in other territories of Idel-Ural, as well as in other regions
of Russia. They practice mostly the Orthodox Christianity, but the traditional national
beliefs spread in the Republic. The Udmurt language is the Finno-Ugrian
language of the Finno-Perm group. The literary tradition has the origin in 19th
century based on the folk tales and oral tradition.
The
Udmurt Republic. Izhevsk is the capital of the Republic. The area of the
Republic is 42.100 square km. The Republic has the resources of oil, peat and
coal, as well as the industries (the mechanical engineering, metalworking
technologies and metallurgy).
6).
Chuvashs is the Turkic nation. 1,5 million of Chuvashs are living in the
Chuvash Republic, in other territories of Idel-Ural, as well as in other
regions of Russia. They practice mostly the Orthodox Christianity, a minor part
of the people practice Islam, the traditional national beliefs spread in the Republic.
The Chuvash language is the Turkic language of the Bulgar group. The literary
tradition has the origin in 18th century.
The
Chuvash Republic. Cheboksary is the capital of the Republic. The area of the
Republic is 18.300 square km. The Republic has the resources of the
phosphorites, peat and slates, as well as the industries (the mechanical
engineering and metalworking technologies).
The
expansion of the Moscow kingdom to the territories of the Idel-Ural has
intensified in the first part of 16th century. The Kazan, Astrakhan
and Siberian khanates have been occupied by the Russian aggressors after the
defeat of the heroic national resistance. The capture of Kazan in 1552 became
the symbol of the tragedy and marked the beginning of the Russian occupation of
Idel-Ural throughout the ages. The terror, denationalization, russification and
assimilation, the annihilation of the cultures, the implanting of the Russian
settlers on our territories, as well as the exploitation of the natural and
human resources became methods of the Russian occupation politics throughout
the ages. Every generation of the nations of Idel-Ural fought against the
occupants.
In
19th century the resistance of the nations of Idel-Ural has had
first and foremost the forms of the defence of the native tongues, religion and
traditions. After the Revolution 1905-07 in tsarist Russia the elites of the
nations have established the first political parties. The process of the
national rebirth has started. Tatars have been ahead in these processes. The
Turkic nations of Idel-Ural were effectively engaged in the political activity
even in the Russian capital Petrograd.
State
Idel-Ural
After
the February Revolution 1917 and the collapse of the tsarist regime the
political processes became more active. The Members of the Muslim fraction of
the State Duma (Russian Parliament) have established in Petrograd the All-Russian
Muslim Revolutionary Bureau. May 1, 1917 the Bureau has hold the I All-Russian
Muslim Congress in Petrograd. The Congress (900 delegates) has expressed its
support to the national federative state structure in democratic Russia as well
as has elected the executive body – the All-Russian Muslim Committee with the
seat in Petrograd. The II Congress should be held in Kazan (Tatarstan).
But
because of the worsening political situation in Russia the Muslim delegates
couldn’t arrive from Crimea, Caucasus, Turkestan and Kazakhstan to Kazan in
July 1917. Only the delegates of Idel-Ural have assembled in Kazan. On the
common session of the All-Russian Muslim Congress, All-Russian Congress of the
Muslim priests and All-Russian Congress of the Muslim military-men have been
established the Milli Medzhlis (National Council) and the Milli Idare
(Government) of the national and cultural autonomy of the Turkic-Tatar Muslims
of Inner Russia and Siberia.
November
20, 1917 – January 11, 1918 the session of the Milli Medzhlis took place in Ufa
(Bashkortostan). The Milli Medzhlis has adopted the Constitution of the
national and cultural autonomy as well as proclaimed the project of the State
Idel-Ural integrated in Russia.
The
II Muslim Congress (January 8 – February 18, 1918) held in Kazan has adopted
the resolution on the State Idel-Ural integrated in Russia. The socialists and
communists tried to undermine and disturb the activity of the patriots. March
1, 1918 the Bolsheviks have arrested the leadership of the Congress of the
Muslim military-men and of its executive body – the Kharbi Shuro (Military
Council) and declared the martial low in Kazan.
But
the Bolsheviks have been forced to liberate the arrested persons the same day.
The patriots have transferred the II Muslim Congress to the opposite shore of
the river Bulak – to the Tatar quarter of Kazan. March 2, 1918 they have
proclaimed the State Idel-Ural integrated in Russia as well as established the
Council of Commissaries (Ministers) and the revolutionary military command
which commanded the military detachments of the State.
March
28, 1918 the most powerful Bolshevist forces of the Read Guard have disarmed
the detachments of the State after the short battle. The Council and the
military command of the State have been arrested. The State Udel-Ural has been
liquidated. April 3, 1918 the Bolsheviks have announced in Moscow the
establishment of the Soviet Tatar-Bashkir Republic.
In
September 1918 the leaders of the State Idel-Ural have tried to conclude the
agreement with the White army of the admiral Kolchak. The White leaders were
agreed to do it but only in word, not in action. After the White army has
captured Ufa (Bashkortostan) all the national organizations have been
prohibited. Both Red and White politicians treated equally the nations which
longed for freedom.
The
activists of Idel-Ural have left Russia and continued their struggle for the
independence of Idel-Ural abroad.
During
the Leninist and Stalinist regime the Soviet authorities have intensified the
terror, elimination of the national elites, exploitation of the republics of
Idel-Ural as well as the russification and assimilation of the people. The
politics of dictatorial regime of the communist party and the KGB in 1956-1988
have caused the deep economical and political crisis. The nations of Idel-Ural were
on the edge of the frame. They were threatened with extinction and lived in
misery. The number of the Russian settlers in our homeland became threatening.
The schools with the native languages of instruction were closed long ago. The
absence of the national schools has caused the process of the
denationalization.
1988-1991
very many persons were obsessed by the idea of independence during the
so-called “perestroika” in Idel-Ural. The cultural and political organizations
have been established this time. The mass manifestations took place in
Idel-Ural. August 30, 1990 the Supreme Soviet of Tatarstan has adopted the
Declaration of the sovereignty of the Republic of Tatarstan.
October
18, 1991 the Supreme Soviet of Tatarstan has adopted the Act of the state
independence of Tatarstan.
December
26, 1991 Tatarstan has adopted the new Constitution of the sovereign democratic
state -- the Republic of Tatarstan.
March
21, 1992 the referendum took place in Tatarstan. Two thirds of the inhabitants
of the Republic have voted for the independent state which would regulate its relations
with Russia and other states on the base of the international agreements. The
Declaration as well as the results of the referendum have been never revoked.
March
31, 1992 the authorities of Tatarstan have refused to sign the Federation
Treaty with Russia.
May
22, 1992 the Supreme Soviet of Tatarstan has adopted the decree on the status
of Tatarstan as the sovereign state.
February
15, 1994 Tatarstan and the Russian Federation have concluded the Treaty on the
mutual delegation of the state authority. According with this Treaty Tatarstan
is the associated state with Russia with the status of confederation. The
Treaty was in force until Juny 26, 2017 as the unique official document which
regulated the relations with Russia.
After
2000 the period of reaction has started.
Free
Idel-Ural
The
patriots of Idel-Ural are continuing their struggle for freedom and
independence. March 21, 2017 the conference took place in Kiev (Ukraine) on
which the Movement Free Idel-Ural has been established. The Tatar Mr. Rafis
Kashapov and the Erzia Mr. Sires Bolayen have been elected the cochairmen of
the Free Idel-Ural.
The
Free Idel-Ural has established its main task to restore the sovereignty of the
republics of Idel-Ural. But 2018 the State Duma of Russia has adopted the law
on the language study in the schools. According to this law the study of the
native languages of indigenous peoples became “not required for the school
curriculum”. This measure signifies the total russification of the young
generation of peoples in order to undermine their national identity. Beside of
this the imperialist politics of Moscow has de facto undermined the sovereignty
of the republics of Idel-Ural achieved in 1990-1994. July 25, 2018 the Free
Idel-Ural has adopted a new program – to establish the independent democratic
states in the region Idel-Ural.
The
Free Idel-Ural sees the future of Idel-Ural as the union of the independent
states. Every republic would have its own external and internal politics. All
the states would have the common currency, customs area, armed forces and
border security. The Free Idel-Ural is using only the non-violation methods.
The
Free Idel-Ural is protecting the rights of the political prisoners detained in
the modern Russian GULAG, the languages and culture of peoples of the region
Idel-Ural as well as distributing the information in the whole world on the
violation of the human and national rights in Russia.
December
2008 the Milli Medzhlis of Tatarstan (the national representation of the Tatar
people) has established the Government in exile of the independent Tatarstan.
The Government is acting after the pattern of the governments in exile of the Baltic
republics after these states have been occupied by the USSR in 1940.
Dr.
Vil Mirzayanov (U.S.A.) is the Prime-Minister of the Government. Mr. Rafis
Kashapov (Great Britain) and Mr. Nafis Kashapov (Poland) are the Deputy Prime
Ministers.
Mr.
Nafis Kashapov is the representative of the Free Idel-Ural in Poland.
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